Рефераты по теме Иностранные языки

Реферат Analysis of Sufism Through Art of Sufi Poetry скачать бесплатно

Скачать реферат бесплатно ↓ [15.35 KB]

Текст реферата Analysis of Sufism Through Art of Sufi Poetry

Eleonora Karamiants
Muslim Faith and the Nation of Islam
Dr. Laughlin
Winter, 2001

Sufism
Tasawuf, or Sufism is the esoteric school of Islam, founded on the pursuit of spiritual truth as a definite goal to attain: the truth of understanding reality as it truly is, as knowledge.  When Sufism speaks of understanding of insight that refers to the perfect self-understanding that enchains the understanding of the Divine. Sufis believe that it is the unique human right and privilege to be able to find the way towards understanding and reality of the Divine. 
The origins of Sufism still are a highly debated topic amongst scholars.  Some accounts refer the rise of the mystical school during reign of Abu Bakr and later, Usman, other sources point at the flourishing in a sinful abundance of wealth Umayyads’ regime, when Islam ceased practicing spiritual, mental and physical rigors.  However, another version suggests the Prophet Muhammad to be the founder of Sufism.  The mysterious time he spent in mountains contemplating and, perhaps, meditating before the encounter with divinity along with certain quotations from Hadith, the compendium of stories and sayings of the Prophet, permits a legitimate presumption that Muhammad, at least indirectly correlates to the establishment of the esoteric school of Islam.  “An hour of contemplation is better than a year of prayer” (Ch.7, p.92) directly contradicts the custom of traditional praying at mosque.  Sufis cultivate the seed of a school of spiritual practice based on knowledge of the self.  Avoiding persuasive public prayers, their gatherings were held in private.  Instead of preaching in public, these pious individuals were searches of truth and not rhetorical opponents – “the first stage of worship is silence”(Ch.7. p.89.)
As the perceptive tools of ordinary mental logic are limited in their ability to comprehend such a great and all-embracing subject based on language alone cannot open any door to understanding such reality.  Instead such a path of understanding demands spiritual striving, the understanding and the knowledge of the heart, in its quest to realize the existence of the Divine. 
            Become a person of the heart,
-          or at least the devotee of one;
Or else, you will remain
Like a donkey stuck in the mud.
                                    (Rumi, Ch.9, p.103)
Between God and a human lies nothing, except for artificial obstacles to the unifying created by humanity.  This veil hinders a seeker from ascending to the level of Reality (Bayazid Bistami, Ch.10, p.111 top.)  If people were free from the limitations of the material and physical tools that humankind possesses; thus, the immense and eternal unity of all the Being, the Creator and His creations would become transparent.  According to Sufis, there is a chance for humanity to ascend to such a level of