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Текст реферата Humane approches to toxicological evaluations of industrial chemicals
NIZNHNY NOVGOROD UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY
Summary
HUMANE APPROCHES
TO TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATIONS
OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Made by Loginov V. V.
Scientific advisor
d. b. s., prof. Gelashvili D. B.
NIZHNY NOVGOROD, 1999
There are millions of chemical substances recorded in the scientific literature with many more being added annually through the endeavors of chemists in industry and academia (Tаble 1). Tens of thousands of these substances are used in commerce, as demonstrated by the publication of inventories in the European Economic Community under the Sixth Amendment to the Dangerous Substances Directive and in the United States through the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
The enormous growth of the chemical industry, coupled with the potential for increased exposure of the population to chemicala, has generated growing public concern and an awareness of the need for correct safety aascsfunent. The toxicological assessment, therefore, of the potential health hazards posed by chemical substances to which humans and animals may be directly or indirectly exposed Is a rational requirement of civilized society.
TABLE 1 Chemical Substances Known
| Group | Approximate number |
| Documened chemicals (Chemical Abctracts) | 7,000,000 |
| Increase per annum | 400,000 |
| EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Commerical Chemical Substances) | 95,000 |
| ECOIN (European Core Inventory) | 34,000 |
| Known drugs | 4,000 |
| Known pesticides | 1.500 |
Over the last 40 years or so, the use of toxicology as a predictive science has developed immensely. This growth has been stimulated by an increasing amount of legislation that ensures that relevant toxiclty studies, which include whole-animal studies, are completed on a variety of chemical substances.
